Top 150 most repeated pedagogy MCQs
Pedagogy:Class Room Management MCQs
Instructional Strategies:Methods and Techniques MCQs
Which of the
following best describes educational psychology?
a) The study of how children develop cognitively
b) The study of how educational institutions function
c) The study of how individuals learn and retain information
d) The study of teaching methods and curriculum development
Answer: c) The study
of how individuals learn and retain information
Which theorist is
associated with the concept of operant conditioning?
a) Sigmund Freud
b) Jean Piaget
c) B.F. Skinner
d) Albert Bandura
Answer: c) B.F. Skinner
According to Jean
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which stage occurs during early
childhood?
a) Sensorimotor stage
b) Preoperational stage
c) Concrete operational stage
d) Formal operational stage
Answer: b)
Preoperational stage
What is the term used
to describe learning that occurs through observation and imitation?
a) Classical conditioning
b) Operant conditioning
c) Social learning
d) Cognitive development
Answer: c) Social
learning
Which of the
following is NOT a component of Albert Bandura’s social-cognitive theory?
a) Self-efficacy
b) Observational learning
c) Reinforcement
d) Reciprocal determinism
Answer: c)
Reinforcement
According to Erik
Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which stage occurs during
adolescence?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Initiative vs. guilt
d) Identity vs. role confusion
Answer: d) Identity
vs. role confusion
What is the term used
to describe the process of modifying existing schemas to fit new experiences?
a) Assimilation
b) Accommodation
c) Equilibration
d) Object permanence
Answer: b)
Accommodation
Which of the
following is an example of intrinsic motivation?
a) Studying for a test to get a good grade
b) Completing a task to earn a reward
c) Playing a sport because it is enjoyable
d) Following instructions to avoid punishment
Answer: c) Playing a
sport because it is enjoyable
According to Abraham
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which needs must be satisfied before higher-level
needs can be met?
a) Physiological needs
b) Safety needs
c) Love and belongingness needs
d) Esteem needs
Answer: a)
Physiological needs
Which of the
following is a characteristic of a growth mindset?
a) Believing that intelligence is fixed and cannot be
changed
b) Avoiding challenges to maintain comfort and security
c) Embracing failure as an opportunity to learn and grow
d) Seeking external validation to maintain self-worth
Answer: c) Embracing
failure as an opportunity to learn and grow
What is the term used
to describe the gap between a learner’s current ability and the level of
achievement expected of them?
a) ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development)
b) Self-actualization
c) Multiple intelligences
d) Cognitive dissonance
Answer: a) ZPD (Zone
of Proximal Development)
According to Lev
Vygotsky’s socio cultural theory, what is the role of a more knowledgeable
other in the learning process?
a) To provide rewards and punishments for behavior
b) To facilitate and guide learning through scaffolding
c) To reinforce desired behaviors through conditioning
d) To promote self-directed learning through discovery
Answer: b) To
facilitate and guide learning through scaffolding
Which of the
following is NOT a principle of cognitive load theory?
a) The intrinsic load should be minimized.
b) The extraneous load should be increased.
c) The germane load should be maximized.
d) The working memory capacity is limited.
Answer: b) The
extraneous load should be increased.
What does the term
“zone of proximal development” refer to?
a) The range of tasks that a learner can perform with
assistance
b) The level of achievement expected of a learner based on
their age
c) The degree of readiness to learn a new skill or concept
d) The extent to which a learner’s current ability exceeds
expectations
Answer: a) The range
of tasks that a learner can perform with assistance
According to Howard
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, which type of intelligence refers
to the ability to understand and interact effectively with others?
a) Linguistic intelligence
b) Logical-mathematical intelligence
c) Interpersonal intelligence
d) Intrapersonal intelligence
Answer: c)
Interpersonal intelligence
What is the term used
to describe the process of organizing information into meaningful units or
categories?
a) Encoding
b) Retrieval
c) Storage
d) Chunking
Answer: d) Chunking
Which of the
following is an example of a mnemonic device?
a) Taking breaks between study sessions
b) Using flashcards to review vocabulary
c) Repeating information out loud
d) Taking notes during a lecture
Answer: b) Using
flashcards to review vocabulary
According to the
information processing model, which memory system has a limited capacity and a
brief duration?
a) Sensory memory
b) Short-term memory
c) Long-term memory
d) Working memory
Answer: b) Short-term
memory
What is the term used
to describe the process of transferring information from short-term memory to
long-term memory?
a) Encoding
b) Retrieval
c) Storage
d) Consolidation
Answer: d)
Consolidation
Which of the
following is NOT a strategy for improving long-term memory?
a) Elaboration
b) Spacing
c) Rehearsal
d) Priming
Answer: d) Priming
Which of the
following best describes a metacognitive strategy?
a) Repeating information to enhance memory
b) Organizing information into meaningful units
c) Monitoring and regulating one’s own learning process
d) Using visual cues to aid in information retrieval
Answer: c) Monitoring
and regulating one’s own learning process
What is the term used
to describe the ability to transfer knowledge and skills to new and different
contexts?
a) Generalization
b) Discrimination
c) Assimilation
d) Accommodation
Answer: a)
Generalization
Which of the
following is an example of an authentic assessment?
a) Multiple-choice test
b) Essay writing
c) True or false questions
d) Matching exercises
Answer: b) Essay
writing
What is the term used
to describe the process of providing feedback to learners about their
performance?
a) Reinforcement
b) Assessment
c) Evaluation
d) Formative feedback
Answer: d) Formative
feedback
According to Maslow’s
hierarchy of needs, which need is related to the sense of belonging and
acceptance within a social group?
a) Physiological needs
b) Safety needs
c) Love and belongingness needs
d) Esteem needs
Answer: c) Love and
belongingness needs
Which of the
following best describes self-efficacy?
a) The belief in one’s own ability to succeed in specific
situations
b) The belief that intelligence is fixed and cannot be
changed
c) The need for achievement and recognition from others
d) The motivation to engage in activities for their own
inherent value
Answer: a) The belief
in one’s own ability to succeed in specific situations
What is the term used
to describe the process of developing and maintaining positive and supportive
teacher-student relationships?
a) Classroom management
b) Differentiated instruction
c) Positive reinforcement
d) Teacher-student rapport
Answer: d) Teacher-student
rapport
Which of the
following is NOT a characteristic of an effective teacher?
a) Clear communication and organization
b) Strong content knowledge
c) Authoritative teaching style
d) Differentiated instruction
Answer: c)
Authoritative teaching style
According to the
theory of multiple intelligences, which type of intelligence refers to the
ability to understand oneself, including one’s thoughts, emotions, and
motivations?
a) Linguistic intelligence
b) Logical-mathematical intelligence
c) Intrapersonal intelligence
d) Interpersonal intelligence
Answer: c)
Intrapersonal intelligence
Which of the
following is an example of an external motivation?
a) Pursuing a career for personal fulfillment
b) Studying to earn a high grade
c) Engaging in a hobby for enjoyment
d) Setting personal goals for self-improvement
Answer: b) Studying
to earn a high grade
According to the
concept of self-determination theory, which of the following is a basic
psychological need that must be satisfied for optimal motivation and
well-being?
a) Achievement
b) Competence
c) Independence
d) Extrinsically motivated
Answer: c) Independence
What is the term used
to describe the process of breaking down complex tasks into smaller, manageable
steps?
a) Scaffolding
b) Chunking
c) Differentiation
d) Task analysis
Answer: d) Task
analysis
Which of the
following best describes the concept of stereotype threat?
a) The fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one’s
own group
b) The belief that one’s intelligence is fixed and cannot be
changed
c) The tendency to rely on preexisting schemas to process
information
d) The bias towards attributing others’ behavior to
dispositional factors
Answer: a) The fear
of confirming negative stereotypes about one’s own group
What is the term used
to describe the tendency to attribute success to internal factors and failure
to external factors?
a) Self-efficacy
b) Self-actualization
c) Self-serving bias
d) Self-regulation
Answer: c)
Self-serving bias
According to the
stages of moral development proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg, which stage is
characterized by a focus on maintaining social order and obeying rules?
a) Preconventional morality
b) Conventional morality
c) Postconventional morality
d) Morality of care
Answer: b)
Conventional morality
Which of the
following best describes the concept of self-regulated learning?
a) The ability to monitor and control one’s own learning
process
b) The reliance on external rewards and punishments to
motivate learning
c) The process of acquiring new knowledge and skills through
observation
d) The emphasis on collaborative learning and social
interactions
Answer: a) The
ability to monitor and control one’s own learning process
According to the
theory of classical conditioning, which of the following terms refers to a
previously neutral stimulus that elicits a response after being paired with an
unconditioned stimulus?
a) Reinforcement
b) Punishment
c) Conditioned stimulus
d) Unconditioned response
Answer: c) Conditioned
stimulus
Which of the
following best describes the concept of cognitive dissonance?
a) The discomfort experienced when behavior conflicts with
attitudes or beliefs
b) The tendency to attribute others’ behavior to
dispositional factors
c) The process of organizing information into meaningful
units or categories
d) The motivation to engage in activities for their own
inherent value
Answer: a) The
discomfort experienced when behavior conflicts with attitudes or beliefs
What is the term used
to describe the process of gradually reducing or removing a reinforcement in
order to extinguish a learned behavior?
a) Shaping
b) Extinction
c) Generalization
d) Discrimination
Answer: b) Extinction
Which of the
following best describes the concept of cultural relevance in education?
a) The inclusion of diverse perspectives and experiences in
the curriculum
b) The use of technology and digital resources in the
classroom
c) The application of research-based teaching strategies
d) The emphasis on individualized instruction and
differentiated learning
Answer: a) The
inclusion of diverse perspectives and experiences in the curriculum
According to the
concept of self-determination theory, which type of motivation is characterized
by engaging in an activity for its own inherent enjoyment and satisfaction?
a) Intrinsic motivation
b) Extrinsic motivation
c) Amotivation
d) Self-determined motivation
Answer: a) Intrinsic
motivation
What is the term used
to describe the process of adjusting one’s cognitive structures to fit new
information or experiences?
a) Assimilation
b) Accommodation
c) Equilibration
d) Object permanence
Answer: b)
Accommodation
According to Maslow’s
hierarchy of needs, which need is related to self-esteem, recognition, and
achievement?
a) Physiological needs
b) Safety needs
c) Love and belongingness needs
d) Esteem needs
Answer: d) Esteem
needs
According to
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during late adulthood?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Intimacy vs. isolation
d) Integrity vs. despair
Answer: d) Integrity
vs. despair
Which of the
following is an example of an internal locus of control?
a) Believing that luck determines academic success
b) Believing that hard work leads to academic success
c) Believing that teachers are solely responsible for
academic success
d) Believing that external factors determine academic
success
Answer: b) Believing
that hard work leads to academic success
According to Piaget’s
theory of cognitive development, which stage occurs during the period of
infancy (birth to 2 years)?
a) Sensorimotor stage
b) Preoperational stage
c) Concrete operational stage
d) Formal operational stage
Answer: a)
Sensorimotor stage
According to
Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development, what is the role of a more
knowledgeable other (MKO)?
a) The MKO guides and supports the learner’s development.
b) The MKO assesses the learner’s performance and provides
feedback.
c) The MKO challenges the learner to reach higher levels of
performance.
d) The MKO determines the pace and content of the learner’s
education.
Answer: a) The MKO
guides and supports the learner’s development.
According to the
concept of cognitive load theory, which of the following strategies is most
effective for reducing extraneous cognitive load?
a) Presenting information in a visually appealing format
b) Providing opportunities for active student engagement
c) Breaking complex tasks into smaller, manageable steps
d) Using multimedia and interactive technologies
Answer: c) Breaking
complex tasks into smaller, manageable steps
Which of the
following is a characteristic of self-regulated learners?
a) They rely heavily on external rewards for motivation.
b) They avoid challenging tasks to protect their
self-esteem.
c) They set goals, monitor their progress, and adjust their
strategies.
d) They rely on the teacher for guidance and direction.
Answer: c) They set
goals, monitor their progress, and adjust their strategies.
According to the
concept of social learning theory, which of the following factors is most
influential in determining behavior?
a) Genetic predispositions
b) Environmental reinforcement
c) Cognitive processes
d) Innate instincts
Answer: b)
Environmental reinforcement
According to
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during adolescence?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Identity vs. role confusion
d) Intimacy vs. isolation
Answer: c) Identity
vs. role confusion
Which of the
following best describes the concept of emotional intelligence?
a) The ability to understand and manage one’s own emotions
b) The ability to understand and influence others’ emotions
c) The ability to solve problems and think critically
d) The ability to remember and recall information
Answer: a) The
ability to understand and manage one’s own emotions
According to the
concept of self-determination theory, which type of motivation is characterized
by engaging in an activity for external rewards or to avoid punishment?
a) Intrinsic motivation
b) Extrinsic motivation
c) Amotivation
d) Self-determined motivation
Answer: b) Extrinsic
motivation
Which of the
following best describes the concept of learned helplessness?
a) The belief that intelligence is fixed and cannot be
changed
b) The tendency to attribute success to external factors and
failure to internal factors
c) The lack of motivation to engage in activities due to a
perceived lack of control
d) The process of gradually reducing or removing a
reinforcement to extinguish a learned behavior
Answer: c) The lack
of motivation to engage in activities due to a perceived lack of control
According to the
theory of classical conditioning, which of the following terms refers to the
weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response?
a) Reinforcement
b) Punishment
c) Extinction
d) Generalization
Answer: c) Extinction
What is the term used
to describe the ability to understand and share the feelings of others?
a) Empathy
b) Sympathy
c) Altruism
d) Compassion
Answer: a) Empathy
Which of the
following best describes the concept of self-concept?
a) The understanding of one’s own emotions and feelings
b) The belief in one’s own abilities and potential
c) The set of personal beliefs and values
d) The overall perception of oneself
Answer: d) The
overall perception of oneself
According to
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, which type of intelligence is
related to physical coordination and dexterity?
a) Linguistic intelligence
b) Logical-mathematical intelligence
c) Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
d) Musical intelligence
Answer: c)
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
According to Maslow’s
hierarchy of needs, which need is related to safety, security, and stability?
a) Physiological needs
b) Safety needs
c) Love and belongingness needs
d) Esteem needs
Answer: b) Safety
needs
What is the term used
to describe the process of gradually fading out the use of prompts and cues to
support a desired behavior?
a) Shaping
b) Fading
c) Reinforcement
d) Punishment
Answer: b) Fading
Which of the
following is an example of an intrinsic motivation?
a) Studying to earn a high grade
b) Participating in a sport for personal enjoyment
c) Completing a task to receive a reward
d) Solving a puzzle to challenge oneself
Answer: b)
Participating in a sport for personal enjoyment
According to
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during middle adulthood?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Generativity vs. stagnation
d) Integrity vs. despair
Answer: c)
Generativity vs. stagnation
What is the term used
to describe the process of providing positive consequences to increase the
likelihood of a desired behavior?
a) Reinforcement
b) Punishment
c) Extinction
d) Generalization
Answer: a)
Reinforcement
According to the concept
of cognitive dissonance, which of the following best describes the state of
tension that arises when there is a discrepancy between beliefs and actions?
a) Self-actualization
b) Self-regulation
c) Cognitive load
d) Cognitive dissonance
Answer: d) Cognitive
dissonance
Which of the
following is an example of a formative assessment?
a) Final exam
b) Standardized test
c) Teacher observation during a classroom activity
d) Grading a student’s homework
Answer: c) Teacher
observation during a classroom activity
According to
Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, which of the following factors plays a
central role in learning?
a) Genetic predispositions
b) Environmental reinforcement
c) Cognitive processes
d) Innate instincts
Answer: c) Cognitive
processes
What is the term used
to describe the process of presenting a conditioned stimulus without the
unconditioned stimulus to weaken the association between the two?
a) Reinforcement
b) Punishment
c) Extinction
d) Generalization
Answer: c) Extinction
Which of the
following best describes the concept of self-esteem?
a) The belief in one’s own abilities and worthiness
b) The awareness and understanding of one’s own thought
processes
c) The ability to understand and manage one’s own emotions
d) The overall perception of oneself
Answer: a) The belief
in one’s own abilities and worthiness
According to the
concept of operant conditioning, which of the following terms refers to the
presentation of a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a desired behavior?
a) Reinforcement
b) Punishment
c) Extinction
d) Generalization
Answer: a) Reinforcement
According to
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the role of language in cognitive
development?
a) Language is a reflection of cognitive development.
b) Language plays a minimal role in cognitive development.
c) Language is the primary driver of cognitive development.
d) Language has no impact on cognitive development.
Answer: c) Language
is the primary driver of cognitive development.
Which of the
following is an example of an extrinsic motivation?
a) Reading a book for pleasure
b) Solving a puzzle to challenge oneself
c) Participating in a competition for a trophy
d) Engaging in a hobby for personal enjoyment
Answer: c)
Participating in a competition for a trophy
According to Maslow’s
hierarchy of needs, which need is related to the desire for love,
belongingness, and social connections?
a) Physiological needs
b) Safety needs
c) Love and belongingness needs
d) Esteem needs
Answer: c) Love and
belongingness needs
What is the term used
to describe the process of drawing conclusions based on limited or incomplete
information?
a) Deductive reasoning
b) Inductive reasoning
c) Critical thinking
d) Problem-solving
Answer: b) Inductive
reasoning
According to the
concept of observational learning, which of the following factors is most
influential in determining whether a behavior will be imitated?
a) Genetic predispositions
b) Environmental reinforcement
c) Cognitive processes
d) Innate instincts
Answer: b)
Environmental reinforcement
Which of the
following best describes the concept of self-regulation?
a) The belief in one’s own abilities and worthiness
b) The awareness and understanding of one’s own thought
processes
c) The ability to control and direct one’s behavior and
emotions
d) The overall perception of oneself
Answer: c) The
ability to control and direct one’s behavior and emotions
What is the term used
to describe the process of actively constructing knowledge through interactions
with the environment?
a) Assimilation
b) Accommodation
c) Equilibration
d) Constructivism
Answer: d)
Constructivism
According to
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during early adulthood?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Intimacy vs. isolation
d) Generativity vs. stagnation
Answer: c) Intimacy
vs. isolation
Which of the
following is an example of an open-ended question?
a) What is the capital of France?
b) When was the Declaration of Independence signed?
c) Describe the steps involved in photosynthesis.
d) What is the square root of 64?
Answer: c) Describe
the steps involved in photosynthesis.
According to Howard
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, which type of intelligence is
associated with the ability to understand and appreciate the natural world?
a) Linguistic intelligence
b) Logical-mathematical intelligence
c) Naturalistic intelligence
d) Spatial intelligence
Answer: c)
Naturalistic intelligence
What is the term used
to describe the process of providing support and guidance to students as they
learn and develop?
a) Scaffolding
b) Differentiation
c) Assessment
d) Remediation
Answer: a)
Scaffolding
According to the
concept of self-determination theory, which type of motivation is characterized
by engaging in an activity for the inherent satisfaction and enjoyment it
provides?
a) Intrinsic motivation
b) Extrinsic motivation
c) Amotivation
d) Self-determined motivation
Answer: a) Intrinsic
motivation
Which of the
following best describes the concept of social constructivism?
a) Learning occurs through social interactions and
collaboration with others.
b) Learning is primarily influenced by innate abilities and
genetics.
c) Learning is a passive process of receiving and memorizing
information.
d) Learning is solely determined by external rewards and
punishments.
Answer: a) Learning
occurs through social interactions and collaboration with others.
According to Jean
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which stage occurs during early
childhood (2 to 7 years)?
a) Sensorimotor stage
b) Preoperational stage
c) Concrete operational stage
d) Formal operational stage
Answer: b)
Preoperational stage
What is the term used
to describe the process of adjusting one’s existing mental frameworks to
incorporate new information?
a) Assimilation
b) Accommodation
c) Equilibration
d) Object permanence
Answer: b) Accommodation
Which of the
following best describes the concept of self-efficacy?
a) The belief in one’s own ability to succeed in specific
situations
b) The belief that intelligence is fixed and cannot be
changed
c) The need for achievement and recognition from others
d) The motivation to engage in activities for their own
inherent value
Answer: a) The belief
in one’s own ability to succeed in specific situations
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during late adulthood?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Integrity vs. despair
d) Generativity vs. stagnation
Answer: c) Integrity
vs. despair
What is the term used
to describe the process of drawing conclusions based on general principles or
rules?
a) Deductive reasoning
b) Inductive reasoning
c) Critical thinking
d) Problem-solving
Answer: a) Deductive
reasoning
According to the
concept of zone of proximal development (ZPD), which of the following is true?
a) It refers to the range of tasks that a student can
perform independently.
b) It represents the difference between a student’s current
ability level and their potential ability with assistance.
c) It is determined solely by a student’s innate abilities
and intelligence.
d) It emphasizes the importance of competition and
individual achievement.
Answer: b) It
represents the difference between a student’s current ability level and their
potential ability with assistance.
Which of the
following is an example of an external locus of control?
a) Believing that one’s efforts and actions determine their
outcomes
b) Believing that fate or luck is responsible for one’s
successes or failures
c) Believing that intelligence and abilities are fixed and
cannot be changed
d) Believing that hard work and dedication lead to
achievement
Answer: b) Believing
that fate or luck is responsible for one’s successes or failures
According to Lev
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the role of social interaction in
learning?
a) Social interaction has no impact on learning.
b) Social interaction is a passive process of receiving
information from others.
c) Social interaction plays a minimal role in learning.
d) Social interaction is essential for cognitive development
and learning.
Answer: d) Social
interaction is essential for cognitive development and learning.
What is the term used
to describe the process of using previous experiences and knowledge to
understand and make sense of new information?
a) Assimilation
b) Accommodation
c) Equilibration
d) Transfer
Answer: a) Assimilation
Which of the
following best describes the concept of self-actualization?
a) The belief in one’s own abilities and worthiness
b) The awareness and understanding of one’s own thought
processes
c) The motivation to fulfill one’s potential and achieve
personal growth
d) The overall perception of oneself
Answer: c) The
motivation to fulfill one’s potential and achieve personal growth
According to the
concept of learned helplessness, what is the underlying belief held by
individuals who experience learned helplessness?
a) The belief that intelligence is fixed and cannot be
changed
b) The belief that success is due to internal factors and
failure is due to external factors
c) The belief that effort and hard work lead to success in
all situations
d) The belief that one has no control over their outcomes
and efforts are futile
Answer: d) The belief
that one has no control over their outcomes and efforts are futile
What is the term used
to describe the process of breaking down complex tasks or concepts into
smaller, more manageable parts?
a) Chunking
b) Scaffolding
c) Differentiation
d) Zoning
Answer: a) Chunking
According to the
concept of emotional intelligence, which of the following components refers to
the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one’s own emotions?
a) Self-awareness
b) Self-regulation
c) Self-esteem
d) Self-efficacy
Answer: a)
Self-awareness
Which of the
following is an example of a convergent thinking task?
a) Brainstorming ideas for a creative project
b) Solving a multiple-choice question
c) Exploring different solutions to a problem
d) Reflecting on personal experiences and emotions
Answer: b) Solving a
multiple-choice question
According to Albert
Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, which of the following factors plays a
central role in learning and behavior?
a) Genetic predispositions
b) Environmental reinforcement
c) Cognitive processes
d) Innate instincts
Answer: c) Cognitive
processes
What is the term used
to describe the process of reflecting on and evaluating one’s own thinking and
learning?
a) Metacognition
b) Self-assessment
c) Critical thinking
d) Self-reflection
Answer: a)
Metacognition
What is the term used
to describe the process of providing feedback to students that focuses on
specific strengths and areas for improvement?
a) Positive reinforcement
b) Formative assessment
c) Summative assessment
d) Differential reinforcement
Answer: b) Formative
assessment
According to the
concept of stereotype threat, what is the impact of stereotypes on individuals’
performance?
a) Stereotypes have no impact on performance.
b) Stereotypes enhance performance by providing motivation.
c) Stereotypes can negatively impact performance due to
anxiety and self-doubt.
d) Stereotypes improve performance by increasing
self-confidence.
Answer: c)
Stereotypes can negatively impact performance due to anxiety and self-doubt.
Which of the
following is an example of a high-stakes assessment?
a) Classroom quiz
b) Homework assignment
c) Standardized test for college admission
d) Peer evaluation
Answer: c)
Standardized test for college admission
According to the
concept of working memory, what is its capacity for holding and manipulating
information?
a) Unlimited capacity
b) 3 to 5 chunks of information
c) 7 plus or minus 2 items
d) 10 to 12 bits of information
Answer: c) 7 plus or
minus 2 items
What is the term used
to describe the process of adjusting one’s cognitive structures to fit new
information?
a) Accommodation
b) Assimilation
c) Equilibration
d) Scaffolding
Answer: a)
Accommodation
According to the
concept of self-determination theory, which type of motivation is characterized
by engaging in an activity to attain external rewards or avoid punishment?
a) Intrinsic motivation
b) Extrinsic motivation
c) Amotivation
d) Self-determined motivation
Answer: b) Extrinsic
motivation
Which of the
following best describes the concept of cultural responsiveness in education?
a) Providing equal resources and opportunities to all
students
b) Recognizing and valuing the diverse backgrounds and
experiences of students
c) Promoting competition and individual achievement in the
classroom
d) Fostering a standardized approach to teaching and
assessment
Answer: b)
Recognizing and valuing the diverse backgrounds and experiences of students
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during adolescence?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Identity vs. role confusion
d) Intimacy vs. isolation
Answer: c) Identity
vs. role confusion
What is the term used
to describe the process of adjusting one’s beliefs or behaviors to match those
of a particular group or culture?
a) Assimilation
b) Accommodation
c) Acculturation
d) Equilibration
Answer: c)
Acculturation
According to the
concept of schema theory, what is a schema?
a) A mental framework for organizing and interpreting
information
b) A process of adjusting one’s cognitive structures to fit
new information
c) The process of gradually fading out the use of prompts
and cues
d) The weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned
response
Answer: a) A mental
framework for organizing and interpreting information
What is the term used
to describe the process of identifying and understanding the emotions of
others?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Social intelligence
c) Empathy
d) Self-awareness
Answer: c) Empathy
According to the
concept of self-efficacy, which of the following factors is most influential in
determining one’s belief in their ability to succeed?
a) Genetic predispositions
b) Environmental reinforcement
c) Previous achievements and experiences
d) Innate instincts
Answer: c) Previous
achievements and experiences
Which of the
following best describes the concept of metacognition?
a) The belief in one’s own abilities and worthiness
b) The awareness and understanding of one’s own thought
processes
c) The ability to control and direct one’s behavior and
emotions
d) The motivation to fulfill one’s potential and achieve
personal growth
Answer: b) The
awareness and understanding of one’s own thought processes
What is the term used
to describe the process of providing different learning opportunities and
experiences to meet the diverse needs of students?
a) Scaffolding
b) Differentiation
c) Assessment
d) Remediation
Answer: b)
Differentiation
According to Jean
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which stage occurs during adolescence
and adulthood?
a) Sensorimotor stage
b) Preoperational stage
c) Concrete operational stage
d) Formal operational stage
Answer: d) Formal
operational stage
Which of the
following is an example of a divergent thinking task?
a) Solving a mathematical equation
b) Writing an essay with a specific prompt
c) Generating multiple solutions to a problem
d) Memorizing a set of facts
Answer: c) Generating
multiple solutions to a problem
According to Albert
Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, which of the following factors plays a
central role in observational learning?
a) Genetic predispositions
b) Environmental reinforcement
c) Cognitive processes
d) Innate instincts
Answer: c) Cognitive
processes
What is the term used
to describe the process of maintaining a positive emotional state and managing
stress in the face of challenges?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Resilience
c) Self-regulation
d) Grit
Answer: b) Resilience
According to Lev
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the role of language in learning and
cognitive development?
a) Language has no impact on learning and development.
b) Language is a passive tool for communication.
c) Language plays a central role in cognitive development
and learning.
d) Language is solely determined by innate abilities and
genetics.
Answer: c) Language
plays a central role in cognitive development and learning.
Which of the
following is an example of an externalizing behavior?
a) Anxiety and withdrawal
b) Self-harm and suicidal ideation
c) Aggression and rule-breaking
d) Depression and low self-esteem
Answer: c) Aggression
and rule-breaking
According to the
concept of self-determination theory, which of the following psychological
needs must be met for optimal motivation and well-being?
a) Competence, autonomy, and relatedness
b) Intelligence, self-esteem, and achievement
c) Safety, belongingness, and self-actualization
d) Self-regulation, self-efficacy, and intrinsic motivation
Answer: a)
Competence, autonomy, and relatedness
What is the term used
to describe the process of identifying and understanding one’s own emotions?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Social intelligence
c) Empathy
d) Self-awareness
Answer: d)
Self-awareness
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during early childhood (3 to
6 years)?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Initiative vs. guilt
d) Industry vs. inferiority
Answer: c) Initiative
vs. guilt
What is the term used
to describe the process of transferring knowledge and skills from one context
to another?
a) Transfer
b) Scaffolding
c) Generalization
d) Differentiation
Answer: a) Transfer
Which of the
following best describes the concept of attribution theory in the context of
education?
a) The process of assigning grades and evaluating student
performance
b) The study of individual differences in intelligence and
cognitive abilities
c) The process of explaining the causes of success and
failure
d) The exploration of cultural and societal factors
influencing learning
Answer: c) The
process of explaining the causes of success and failure
What is the term used
to describe the process of recalling previously learned information from
long-term memory?
a) Encoding
b) Retrieval
c) Storage
d) Consolidation
Answer: b) Retrieval
According to the
concept of self-esteem, what is the relationship between self-esteem and academic
achievement?
a) High self-esteem always leads to high academic
achievement.
b) Low self-esteem always leads to low academic achievement.
c) There is no relationship between self-esteem and academic
achievement.
d) The relationship between self-esteem and academic
achievement is complex and influenced by various factors.
Answer: d) The
relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement is complex and
influenced by various factors.
What is the term used
to describe the process of analyzing, evaluating, and applying information to
solve problems or make decisions?
a) Critical thinking
b) Creative thinking
c) Reflective thinking
d) Divergent thinking
Answer: a) Critical
thinking
According to the
concept of multiple intelligences proposed by Howard Gardner, which type of
intelligence involves the ability to understand and relate to other people?
a) Linguistic intelligence
b) Logical-mathematical intelligence
c) Interpersonal intelligence
d) Intrapersonal intelligence
Answer: c)
Interpersonal intelligence
What is the term used
to describe the process of adjusting one’s behavior to conform to social norms
and expectations?
a) Compliance
b) Obedience
c) Conformity
d) Rebellion
Answer: c) Conformity
According to the
concept of classical conditioning, what is the term used to describe the
reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of extinction?
a) Spontaneous recovery
b) Generalization
c) Discrimination
d) Counterconditioning
Answer: a)
Spontaneous recovery
Which of the
following best describes the concept of growth mindset?
a) The belief that intelligence is fixed and cannot be
changed
b) The belief that success is due to external factors and
failure is due to internal factors
c) The belief that abilities and intelligence can be
developed through effort and practice
d) The belief that intelligence is determined by genetics
and cannot be influenced by environmental factors
Answer: c) The belief
that abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort and practice
What is the term used
to describe the process of observing and imitating the behavior of others?
a) Operant conditioning
b) Classical conditioning
c) Observational learning
d) Insight learning
Answer: c)
Observational learning
According to Abraham
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which needs must be met before an individual can
strive for self-actualization?
a) Physiological needs
b) Safety needs
c) Love and belongingness needs
d) Esteem needs
Answer: a)
Physiological needs
Which of the
following is an example of an extrinsic motivator?
a) Enjoyment and interest in the activity
b) Personal satisfaction and fulfillment
c) External rewards or punishments
d) Intrinsic motivation
Answer: c) External
rewards or punishments
According to the
concept of zone of proximal development (ZPD) proposed by Vygotsky, what is the
role of a more knowledgeable other (MKO)?
a) The MKO provides direct instruction and guidance to the
learner.
b) The MKO sets goals and expectations for the learner.
c) The MKO assesses the learner’s performance and provides
feedback.
d) The MKO provides support and scaffolding to help the
learner reach higher levels of understanding.
Answer: d) The MKO
provides support and scaffolding to help the learner reach higher levels of
understanding.
What is the term used
to describe the process of organizing and categorizing information into
meaningful patterns?
a) Chunking
b) Scaffolding
c) Encoding
d) Retrieval
Answer: a) Chunking
What is the term used
to describe the process of adjusting one’s beliefs or understanding of a
situation based on new information or evidence?
a) Accommodation
b) Assimilation
c) Equilibration
d) Scaffolding
Answer: a)
Accommodation
According to the
concept of self-efficacy, what is the primary source of self-efficacy beliefs?
a) Genetic predispositions
b) Environmental reinforcement
c) Previous achievements and experiences
d) Innate instincts
Answer: c) Previous
achievements and experiences
Which of the
following best describes the concept of metacognitive strategies?
a) Strategies for managing and regulating one’s emotions
b) Strategies for organizing and prioritizing tasks
c) Strategies for monitoring and controlling one’s own
thinking and learning
d) Strategies for generating creative and innovative ideas
Answer: c) Strategies
for monitoring and controlling one’s own thinking and learning
What is the term used
to describe the process of providing support and guidance to help students
achieve their learning goals?
a) Differentiation
b) Scaffolding
c) Remediation
d) Assessment
Answer: b)
Scaffolding
According to Albert Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, which
of the following factors plays a central role in self-regulation?
a) Genetic predispositions
b) Environmental reinforcement
c) Cognitive processes
d) Innate instincts
Answer: c) Cognitive
processes
What is the term used
to describe the process of effectively managing and expressing one’s own
emotions?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Social intelligence
c) Empathy
d) Self-awareness
Answer: a) Emotional
intelligence
According to Lev
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the role of social interaction in
learning and cognitive development?
a) Social interaction has no impact on learning and
development.
b) Social interaction is a passive process that influences
behavior.
c) Social interaction plays a central role in cognitive
development and learning.
d) Social interaction is solely determined by innate
abilities and genetics.
Answer: c) Social
interaction plays a central role in cognitive development and learning.
Which of the
following is an example of an internalizing behavior?
a) Anxiety and withdrawal
b) Self-harm and suicidal ideation
c) Aggression and rule-breaking
d) Depression and low self-esteem
Answer: d) Depression
and low self-esteem
What is the term used
to describe the process of understanding and sharing the feelings of others?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Resilience
c) Empathy
d) Grit
Answer: c) Empathy
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during middle adulthood (40s
to 60s)?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Generativity vs. stagnation
d) Integrity vs. despair
Answer: c)
Generativity vs. stagnation
What is the term used
to describe the process of analyzing and evaluating information or arguments in
a logical and systematic way?
a) Critical thinking
b) Creative thinking
c) Reflective thinking
d) Divergent thinking
Answer: a) Critical
thinking
According to the
concept of cognitive load theory, which of the following strategies can help
reduce cognitive load and enhance learning?
a) Providing multiple sources of information simultaneously
b) Presenting complex and unfamiliar material without
scaffolding
c) Breaking down complex tasks into smaller, manageable
parts
d) Overloading working memory with irrelevant information
Answer: c) Breaking
down complex tasks into smaller, manageable parts
What is the term used
to describe the process of encoding information in a way that makes it easier
to remember?
a) Retrieval
b) Consolidation
c) Elaboration
d) Storage
Answer: c)
Elaboration
According to the
concept of self-esteem, what is the relationship between self-esteem and
overall well-being?
a) High self-esteem always leads to high overall well-being.
b) Low self-esteem always leads to low overall well-being.
c) There is no relationship between self-esteem and overall
well-being.
d) The relationship between self-esteem and overall
well-being is complex and influenced by various factors.
Answer: d) The
relationship between self-esteem and overall well-being is complex and
influenced by various factors.
What is the term used
to describe the process of actively constructing knowledge and understanding
through personal experiences and interactions?
a) Observational learning
b) Experiential learning
c) Social learning
d) Insight learning
Answer: b)
Experiential learning
According to Lev
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the role of play in learning and
development?
a) Play has no impact on learning and development.
b) Play is a passive activity that provides entertainment.
c) Play facilitates cognitive development and learning
through social interactions and problem-solving.
d) Play is solely determined by innate abilities and
genetics.
Answer: c) Play
facilitates cognitive development and learning through social interactions and
problem-solving.
Which of the
following is an example of a cognitive strategy used to enhance learning and
memory?
a) Rehearsing and repeating information
b) Taking breaks and relaxing during study sessions
c) Seeking social support from peers
d) Engaging in physical exercise
Answer: a) Rehearsing
and repeating information
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during late adulthood (60s
and beyond)?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Generativity vs. stagnation
d) Integrity vs. despair
Answer: d) Integrity
vs. despair
What is the term used
to describe the process of connecting new information to existing knowledge and
experiences?
a) Encoding
b) Retrieval
c) Storage
d) Consolidation
Answer: a) Encoding
According to the
concept of social-cognitive theory, which of the following factors plays a
crucial role in learning and behavior change?
a) Genetic predispositions
b) Environmental reinforcement
c) Cognitive processes
d) Innate instincts
Answer: c) Cognitive
processes
What is the term used
to describe the process of actively seeking and using feedback to improve one’s
performance?
a) Self-monitoring
b) Self-evaluation
c) Self-regulation
d) Self-assessment
Answer: d)
Self-assessment
According to the
concept of information processing, which of the following is responsible for
temporarily holding and manipulating information in the mind?
a) Long-term memory
b) Working memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Short-term memory
Answer: b) Working
memory
What is the term used
to describe the process of adjusting one’s beliefs or understanding of a
situation based on new information or evidence?
a) Accommodation
b) Assimilation
c) Equilibration
d) Scaffolding
Answer: a) Accommodation
What is the term used
to describe the process of connecting new information to existing knowledge and
experiences?
a) Encoding
b) Retrieval
c) Storage
d) Consolidation
Answer: a) Encoding
Which of the following is an example of a metacognitive
strategy?
a) Repeating information aloud to enhance memory
b) Asking questions to clarify understanding
c) Taking breaks and engaging in physical exercise
d) Setting specific goals and monitoring progress
Answer: d) Setting
specific goals and monitoring progress
What is the term used
to describe the process of analyzing and evaluating information or arguments in
a logical and systematic way?
a) Critical thinking
b) Creative thinking
c) Reflective thinking
d) Divergent thinking
Answer: a) Critical
thinking
According to the
concept of cognitive load theory, which of the following strategies can help
reduce cognitive load and enhance learning?
a) Providing multiple sources of information simultaneously
b) Presenting complex and unfamiliar material without
scaffolding
c) Breaking down complex tasks into smaller, manageable
parts
d) Overloading working memory with irrelevant information
Answer: c) Breaking
down complex tasks into smaller, manageable parts
What is the term used
to describe the process of actively constructing knowledge and understanding
through personal experiences and interactions?
a) Observational learning
b) Experiential learning
c) Social learning
d) Insight learning
Answer: b)
Experiential learning
According to Albert
Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, which of the following factors plays a
central role in self-regulation?
a) Genetic predispositions
b) Environmental reinforcement
c) Cognitive processes
d) Innate instincts
Answer: c) Cognitive
processes
What is the term used
to describe the process of connecting new information to existing knowledge and
experiences?
a) Encoding
b) Retrieval
c) Storage
d) Consolidation
Answer: a) Encoding
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during early childhood (2 to
7 years)?
a) Sensorimotor stage
b) Preoperational stage
c) Concrete operational stage
d) Formal operational stage
Answer: b)
Preoperational stage
Which of the
following is an example of a cognitive strategy used to enhance learning and
memory?
a) Rehearsing and repeating information
b) Taking breaks and relaxing during study sessions
c) Seeking social support from peers
d) Engaging in physical exercise
Answer: a) Rehearsing
and repeating information
According to the
concept of social-cognitive theory, what is the role of modeling in learning
and behavior change?
a) Modeling has no impact on learning and behavior change.
b) Modeling is a passive process that influences behavior.
c) Modeling plays a central role in observational learning
and behavior change.
d) Modeling is solely determined by innate abilities and
genetics.
Answer: c) Modeling
plays a central role in observational learning and behavior change.
What is the term used
to describe the process of using prior knowledge and experiences to make
predictions or draw conclusions about new information?
a) Inference
b) Deduction
c) Induction
d) Abstraction
Answer: a) Inference
According to Jean
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which stage occurs during the period
of infancy (0 to 2 years)?
a) Sensorimotor stage
b) Preoperational stage
c) Concrete operational stage
d) Formal operational stage
Answer: a)
Sensorimotor stage
According to Lev
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the role of language in cognitive
development and learning?
a) Language has no impact on cognitive development and
learning.
b) Language is a passive tool for communication.
c) Language plays a central role in cognitive development
and learning.
d) Language is solely determined by innate abilities and
genetics.
Answer: c) Language
plays a central role in cognitive development and learning.
What is the term used
to describe the process of effectively managing and expressing one’s own
emotions?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Social intelligence
c) Empathy
d) Self-awareness
Answer: a) Emotional
intelligence
According to the
concept of information processing, which of the following is responsible for
storing information over an extended period of time?
a) Long-term memory
b) Working memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Short-term memory
Answer: a) Long-term
memory
What is the term used
to describe the process of adjusting one’s behavior to fit the norms and expectations
of a social group?
a) Conformity
b) Compliance
c) Obedience
d) Rebellion
Answer: a) Conformity
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during early adulthood (20s
to 40s)?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Generativity vs. stagnation
d) Intimacy vs. isolation
Answer: d) Intimacy
vs. isolation
What is the term used
to describe the process of actively monitoring and controlling one’s own
thinking and learning?
a) Metacognition
b) Self-regulation
c) Self-efficacy
d) Self-determination
Answer: a)
Metacognition
According to the
concept of self-determination theory, which type of motivation is characterized
by engaging in an activity to obtain external rewards or avoid punishment?
a) Intrinsic motivation
b) Extrinsic motivation
c) Amotivation
d) Self-determined motivation
Answer: b) Extrinsic
motivation
What is the term used
to describe the process of mentally organizing and categorizing information to
enhance understanding and retrieval?
a) Chunking
b) Rehearsal
c) Elaboration
d) Scaffolding
Answer: a) Chunking
According to the
concept of self-efficacy, which of the following factors contributes to the
development of self-efficacy beliefs?
a) Genetic predispositions
b) External rewards and punishments
c) Mastery experiences and social modeling
d) Innate instincts and abilities
Answer: c) Mastery
experiences and social modeling
Which of the
following is an example of an internalizing behavior?
a) Aggression and rule-breaking
b) Hyperactivity and impulsivity
c) Anxiety and withdrawal
d) Depression and low self-esteem
Answer: c) Anxiety
and withdrawal
According to the
concept of cognitive load theory, which of the following factors can increase
cognitive load and hinder learning?
a) Presenting information in a clear and organized manner
b) Providing opportunities for active engagement and
practice
c) Introducing unnecessary and irrelevant information
d) Breaking down complex tasks into smaller steps
Answer: c) Introducing
unnecessary and irrelevant information
What is the term used
to describe the process of reflecting on one’s own thoughts, feelings, and
actions?
a) Self-reflection
b) Self-evaluation
c) Self-regulation
d) Self-assessment
Answer: a)
Self-reflection
According to Albert
Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, which of the following factors is crucial
for observational learning to occur?
a) Genetic predispositions
b) Environmental reinforcement
c) Cognitive processes
d) Innate instincts
Answer: c) Cognitive
processes
What is the term used
to describe the process of actively seeking and using feedback to improve one’s
performance?
a) Self-monitoring
b) Self-evaluation
c) Self-regulation
d) Self-assessment
Answer: d)
Self-assessment
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during late adolescence and
early adulthood (18 to 25 years)?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Identity vs. role confusion
d) Intimacy vs. isolation
Answer: c) Identity vs.
role confusion
What is the term used
to describe the process of mentally representing and retaining information over
short periods of time?
a) Long-term memory
b) Working memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Short-term memory
Answer: b) Working
memory
According to the
concept of social-cognitive theory, what is the role of self-efficacy in
learning and behavior change?
a) Self-efficacy has no impact on learning and behavior
change.
b) Self-efficacy is a passive attribute that influences
behavior.
c) Self-efficacy plays a central role in motivation, effort,
and perseverance.
d) Self-efficacy is solely determined by genetic factors.
Answer: c)
Self-efficacy plays a central role in motivation, effort, and perseverance.
What is the term used
to describe the process of actively constructing knowledge through interactions
and discussions with others?
a) Observational learning
b) Experiential learning
c) Social learning
d) Collaborative learning
Answer: d)
Collaborative learning
According to Jean
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which stage occurs during the period
of early childhood (2 to 7 years)?
a) Sensorimotor stage
b) Preoperational stage
c) Concrete operational stage
d) Formal operational stage
Answer: b) Preoperational
stage
Which of the
following is an example of an internal locus of control?
a) Believing that success is solely determined by luck or
fate
b) Believing that success is due to one’s own efforts and
abilities
c) Believing that success is primarily influenced by
external factors
d) Believing that success is predetermined by genetic
factors
Answer: b) Believing
that success is due to one’s own efforts and abilities
What is the term used
to describe the process of recognizing and understanding the emotions of others?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Social intelligence
c) Empathy
d) Self-awareness
Answer: c) Empathy
According to the
concept of information processing, which of the following is responsible for
holding sensory information for a brief period of time?
a) Long-term memory
b) Working memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Short-term memory
Answer: c) Sensory
memory
What is the term used
to describe the process of resisting social influence and maintaining one’s own
beliefs or behaviors?
a) Conformity
b) Compliance
c) Obedience
d) Independence
Answer: d)
Independence
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during middle adulthood (40s
to 60s)?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Generativity vs. stagnation
d) Integrity vs. despair
Answer: c)
Generativity vs. stagnation
What is the term used
to describe the process of setting specific goals, planning strategies, and
monitoring progress to achieve desired outcomes?
a) Metacognition
b) Self-regulation
c) Self-efficacy
d) Self-determination
Answer: b)
Self-regulation
What is the term used
to describe the process of actively organizing and integrating new information
with existing knowledge and understanding?
a) Encoding
b) Retrieval
c) Storage
d) Consolidation
Answer: d) Consolidation
According to the
concept of social-cognitive theory, what is the role of observational learning
in acquiring new behaviors and skills?
a) Observational learning has no impact on acquiring new
behaviors and skills.
b) Observational learning is a passive process that
influences behavior.
c) Observational learning plays a central role in acquiring
new behaviors and skills through modeling.
d) Observational learning is solely determined by genetic
factors.
Answer: c) Observational
learning plays a central role in acquiring new behaviors and skills through
modeling.
Which of the
following is an example of a metacognitive strategy used to enhance learning
and memory?
a) Rehearsing and repeating information
b) Taking breaks and relaxing during study sessions
c) Seeking social support from peers
d) Engaging in physical exercise
Answer: b) Taking
breaks and relaxing during study sessions
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during late adulthood (65
years and older)?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Generativity vs. stagnation
d) Integrity vs. despair
Answer: d) Integrity
vs. despair
What is the term used
to describe the process of integrating new information with existing knowledge
to create a deeper and more meaningful understanding?
a) Reflection
b) Elaboration
c) Synthesis
d) Analysis
Answer: b)
Elaboration
According to the
concept of cognitive load theory, which of the following strategies can help
manage intrinsic cognitive load and facilitate learning?
a) Presenting information in a disorganized and fragmented
manner
b) Overloading working memory with irrelevant information
c) Providing clear and concise explanations with relevant
examples
d) Avoiding the use of visual aids and multimedia materials
Answer: c) Providing
clear and concise explanations with relevant examples
What is the term used
to describe the process of adjusting one’s behavior to comply with explicit
requests or demands from an authority figure?
a) Conformity
b) Compliance
c) Obedience
d) Rebellion
Answer: c) Obedience
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during adolescence (12 to 18
years)?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Identity vs. role confusion
d) Intimacy vs. isolation
Answer: c) Identity
vs. role confusion
What is the term used
to describe the process of monitoring one’s own thinking and learning to ensure
understanding and progress?
a) Metacognition
b) Self-regulation
c) Self-efficacy
d) Self-determination
Answer: a)
Metacognition
What is the term used
to describe the process of mentally breaking down complex tasks into smaller,
manageable steps?
a) Chunking
b) Rehearsal
c) Elaboration
d) Decomposition
Answer: d) Decomposition
Which of the
following is an example of an extrinsic reward?
a) Feeling a sense of accomplishment after completing a task
b) Experiencing personal satisfaction and enjoyment from an
activity
c) Receiving praise and recognition from others
d) Having a genuine interest and curiosity in a subject
Answer: c) Receiving
praise and recognition from others
According to the
concept of information processing, which of the following is responsible for
actively manipulating and processing information in working memory?
a) Long-term memory
b) Working memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Short-term memory
Answer: b) Working
memory
What is the term used
to describe the process of changing one’s beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors in
response to direct requests or suggestions from others?
a) Conformity
b) Compliance
c) Obedience
d) Independence
Answer: b) Compliance
What is the term used
to describe the process of self-belief in one’s own ability to succeed and
accomplish goals?
a) Metacognition
b) Self-regulation
c) Self-efficacy
d) Self-determination
Answer: c)
Self-efficacy
According to the
concept of self-determination theory, which psychological needs are essential
for optimal motivation and well-being?
a) Basic needs, such as food and shelter
b) Social needs, such as belongingness and acceptance
c) Cognitive needs, such as knowledge and understanding
d) Autonomy, competence, and relatedness
Answer: d) Autonomy,
competence, and relatedness
What is the term used
to describe the process of transforming information from sensory memory to
long-term memory through rehearsal and encoding?
a) Consolidation
b) Retrieval
c) Storage
d) Transfer
Answer: a)
Consolidation
According to the
concept of social-cognitive theory, what is the role of motivation in learning
and behavior change?
a) Motivation has no impact on learning and behavior change.
b) Motivation is a passive process that influences behavior.
c) Motivation plays a central role in energizing and
directing behavior toward specific goals.
d) Motivation is solely determined by genetic factors.
Answer: c) Motivation
plays a central role in energizing and directing behavior toward specific
goals.
Which of the
following is an example of an extrinsic motivation?
a) Engaging in a hobby for personal enjoyment and
fulfillment
b) Pursuing a career out of passion and intrinsic interest
c) Studying to earn good grades and receive a scholarship
d) Participating in a sport for the love of the game
Answer: c) Studying
to earn good grades and receive a scholarship
According to Lev
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the role of the more knowledgeable
other (MKO) in learning and development?
a) The MKO has no impact on learning and development.
b) The MKO is a passive role that influences learning and
development.
c) The MKO provides direct instruction and guidance to the
learner.
d) The MKO acts as a facilitator, providing support and
scaffolding to promote learning.
Answer: d) The MKO
acts as a facilitator, providing support and scaffolding to promote learning.
What is the term used
to describe the process of understanding and sharing the feelings of another
person?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Social intelligence
c) Empathy
d) Self-awareness
Answer: c) Empathy
According to the
concept of information processing, which of the following is responsible for
the long-term storage of information?
a) Long-term memory
b) Working memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Short-term memory
Answer: a) Long-term
memory
What is the term used
to describe the process of conforming to the standards, values, and behaviors
of a group?
a) Conformity
b) Compliance
c) Obedience
d) Independence
Answer: a) Conformity
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during early adulthood (20s
to 40s)?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Intimacy vs. isolation
d) Generativity vs. stagnation
Answer: c) Intimacy
vs. isolation
What is the term used
to describe the process of setting goals and making choices that are consistent
with one’s values, interests, and capabilities?
a) Metacognition
b) Self-regulation
c) Self-efficacy
d) Self-determination
Answer: d)
Self-determination
What is the term used
to describe the process of mentally organizing information into meaningful
groups or categories?
a) Chunking
b) Rehearsal
c) Elaboration
d) Categorization
Answer: d)
Categorization
According to the
concept of social-cognitive theory, what is the role of self-reflection in
learning and behavior change?
a) Self-reflection has no impact on learning and behavior
change.
b) Self-reflection is a passive process that influences
behavior.
c) Self-reflection plays a central role in evaluating and
adjusting one’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
d) Self-reflection is solely determined by genetic factors.
Answer: c) Self-reflection
plays a central role in evaluating and adjusting one’s thoughts, emotions, and
behaviors.
Which of the
following is an example of an intrinsic reward?
a) Receiving a trophy for winning a competition
b) Getting a bonus for achieving a sales target
c) Feeling a sense of pride and satisfaction after
completing a challenging task
d) Being recognized as the employee of the month
Answer: c) Feeling a
sense of pride and satisfaction after completing a challenging task
According to Lev
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the role of language in learning and
development?
a) Language has no impact on learning and development.
b) Language is a passive tool that influences learning and
development.
c) Language provides a means for communication and thought,
shaping learning and development.
d) Language is solely determined by genetic factors.
Answer: c) Language
provides a means for communication and thought, shaping learning and
development.
What is the term used
to describe the process of recognizing and managing one’s own emotions, as well
as understanding and influencing the emotions of others?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Social intelligence
c) Empathy
d) Self-awareness
Answer: a) Emotional
intelligence
According to the
concept of information processing, which of the following is responsible for
the active manipulation and rehearsal of information in short-term memory?
a) Long-term memory
b) Working memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Encoding memory
Answer: b) Working
memory
What is the term used
to describe the process of adjusting one’s behavior in response to social norms
or expectations?
a) Conformity
b) Compliance
c) Obedience
d) Independence
Answer: a) Conformity
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during late adolescence and
early adulthood (18 to 25 years)?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Identity vs. role confusion
d) Intimacy vs. isolation
Answer: c) Identity
vs. role confusion
What is the term used
to describe the process of monitoring and controlling one’s own thoughts,
emotions, and behaviors to achieve desired outcomes?
a) Metacognition
b) Self-regulation
c) Self-efficacy
d) Self-determination
Answer: b)
Self-regulation
According to the
concept of self-determination theory, which psychological need is associated
with a sense of being capable and effective in one’s actions?
a) Autonomy
b) Competence
c) Relatedness
d) Mastery
Answer: b) Competence
What is the term used
to describe the process of actively reviewing and recalling previously learned
information from long-term memory?
a) Encoding
b) Retrieval
c) Storage
d) Consolidation
Answer: b) Retrieval
According to the
concept of social-cognitive theory, what is the role of self-efficacy in
learning and behavior change?
a) Self-efficacy has no impact on learning and behavior
change.
b) Self-efficacy is a passive process that influences
behavior.
c) Self-efficacy plays a central role in motivating and
determining the level of effort put into a task.
d) Self-efficacy is solely determined by genetic factors.
Answer: c)
Self-efficacy plays a central role in motivating and determining the level of
effort put into a task.
Which of the
following is an example of a mnemonic strategy used to enhance memory and
recall?
a) Repeating information out loud
b) Taking breaks and engaging in physical exercise
c) Using flashcards to review key concepts
d) Seeking social support from peers
Answer: c) Using
flashcards to review key concepts
According to Lev
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the role of scaffolding in learning
and development?
a) Scaffolding has no impact on learning and development.
b) Scaffolding is a passive process that influences learning
and development.
c) Scaffolding involves providing temporary support and
guidance to a learner to help them perform tasks beyond their current
abilities.
d) Scaffolding is solely determined by genetic factors.
Answer: c)
Scaffolding involves providing temporary support and guidance to a learner to
help them perform tasks beyond their current abilities.
What is the term used
to describe the process of recognizing and understanding the emotions of
others?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Social intelligence
c) Empathy
d) Self-awareness
Answer: c) Empathy
According to the
concept of information processing, which of the following is responsible for
briefly storing sensory information?
a) Long-term memory
b) Working memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Short-term memory
Answer: c) Sensory
memory
What is the term used
to describe the process of deliberately and consciously resisting the influence
or pressure to conform to social norms or expectations?
a) Conformity
b) Compliance
c) Obedience
d) Independence
Answer: d)
Independence
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during middle adulthood (40s
to 65 years)?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Generativity vs. stagnation
d) Integrity vs. despair
Answer: c)
Generativity vs. stagnation
What is the term used
to describe the process of having confidence in one’s ability to organize and
execute the necessary actions to achieve a specific outcome?
a) Metacognition
b) Self-regulation
c) Self-efficacy
d) Self-determination
Answer: c) Self-efficacy
According to the
concept of self-determination theory, which type of motivation is characterized
by engaging in an activity for the inherent enjoyment and satisfaction it
brings?
a) Intrinsic motivation
b) Extrinsic motivation
c) Amotivation
d) Self-determined motivation
Answer: a) Intrinsic
motivation
What is the term used
to describe the process of actively organizing and grouping information in
working memory?
a) Consolidation
b) Retrieval
c) Chunking
d) Encoding
Answer: c) Chunking
According to the
concept of social-cognitive theory, what is the role of observational learning
in learning and behavior change?
a) Observational learning has no impact on learning and
behavior change.
b) Observational learning is a passive process that
influences behavior.
c) Observational learning plays a central role in acquiring
new knowledge and skills by observing others.
d) Observational learning is solely determined by genetic
factors.
Answer: c) Observational
learning plays a central role in acquiring new knowledge and skills by
observing others.
Which of the
following is an example of an intrinsic motivation?
a) Being rewarded with a certificate for completing a course
b) Studying to gain knowledge and understanding
c) Receiving a promotion at work for exceptional performance
d) Engaging in an activity to please others
Answer: b) Studying
to gain knowledge and understanding
According to Lev
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the role of cultural tools in learning
and development?
a) Cultural tools have no impact on learning and
development.
b) Cultural tools are passive objects that influence
learning and development.
c) Cultural tools provide resources and symbols that shape
learning and development.
d) Cultural tools are solely determined by genetic factors.
Answer: c) Cultural
tools provide resources and symbols that shape learning and development.
What is the term used
to describe the process of recognizing and managing one’s own emotions as well
as understanding the emotions of others and effectively relating to them?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Social intelligence
c) Empathy
d) Self-awareness
Answer: a) Emotional
intelligence
According to the
concept of information processing, which of the following is responsible for
the encoding and storage of information in long-term memory?
a) Long-term memory
b) Working memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Short-term memory
Answer: a) Long-term
memory
What is the term used
to describe the process of complying with a request or demand from an authority
figure?
a) Conformity
b) Compliance
c) Obedience
d) Independence
Answer: c) Obedience
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during late adulthood (65+
years)?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Generativity vs. stagnation
d) Integrity vs. despair
Answer: d) Integrity
vs. despair
What is the term used
to describe the process of actively monitoring and evaluating one’s own
cognitive processes and strategies for learning and problem-solving?
a) Metacognition
b) Self-regulation
c) Self-efficacy
d) Self-determination
Answer: a)
Metacognition
According to the
concept of self-determination theory, which psychological need is associated
with a sense of connection and belongingness to others?
a) Autonomy
b) Competence
c) Relatedness
d) Mastery
Answer: c)
Relatedness
What is the term used
to describe the process of transferring information from sensory memory to
working memory?
a) Consolidation
b) Retrieval
c) Storage
d) Attention
Answer: d) Attention
According to the
concept of social-cognitive theory, what is the role of self-monitoring in
learning and behavior change?
a) Self-monitoring has no impact on learning and behavior
change.
b) Self-monitoring is a passive process that influences
behavior.
c) Self-monitoring plays a central role in observing and
evaluating one’s own behavior in order to make adjustments and improvements.
d) Self-monitoring is solely determined by genetic factors.
Answer: c)
Self-monitoring plays a central role in observing and evaluating one’s own
behavior in order to make adjustments and improvements.
Which of the
following is an example of an extrinsic reward?
a) Feeling a sense of accomplishment after completing a
challenging task
b) Receiving positive feedback and praise from others
c) Experiencing personal growth and self-improvement
d) Engaging in an activity for personal enjoyment and
satisfaction
Answer: b) Receiving
positive feedback and praise from others
According to Lev
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the role of the zone of proximal
development (ZPD) in learning and development?
a) The ZPD has no impact on learning and development.
b) The ZPD is a passive space that influences learning and
development.
c) The ZPD represents the range of tasks that a learner can
perform independently.
d) The ZPD identifies the range of tasks that a learner can
perform with guidance and support from others.
Answer: d) The ZPD
identifies the range of tasks that a learner can perform with guidance and
support from others.
What is the term used
to describe the process of recognizing and understanding one’s own thoughts,
emotions, and behaviors?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Social intelligence
c) Empathy
d) Self-awareness
Answer: d)
Self-awareness
According to the
concept of information processing, which of the following is responsible for
temporarily holding and actively manipulating information?
a) Long-term memory
b) Working memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Short-term memory
Answer: b) Working
memory
What is the term used
to describe the process of conforming to a request or demand from an individual
or group?
a) Conformity
b) Compliance
c) Obedience
d) Independence
Answer: b) Compliance
What is the term used
to describe the process of having belief in one’s own ability to accomplish a
specific task or goal?
a) Metacognition
b) Self-regulation
c) Self-efficacy
d) Self-determination
Answer: c)
Self-efficacy
According to the
concept of self-determination theory, which type of motivation is characterized
by a lack of intention or desire to engage in an activity?
a) Intrinsic motivation
b) Extrinsic motivation
c) Amotivation
d) Self-determined motivation
Answer: c)
Amotivation
What is the term used
to describe the process of organizing and connecting new information with
existing knowledge in long-term memory?
a) Consolidation
b) Retrieval
c) Storage
d) Integration
Answer: d)
Integration
According to the
concept of social-cognitive theory, what is the role of self-control in
learning and behavior change?
a) Self-control has no impact on learning and behavior
change.
b) Self-control is a passive process that influences
behavior.
c) Self-control plays a central role in regulating and
managing one’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to achieve goals.
d) Self-control is solely determined by genetic factors.
Answer: c)
Self-control plays a central role in regulating and managing one’s thoughts,
emotions, and behaviors to achieve goals.
Which of the
following is an example of an extrinsic motivation?
a) Engaging in an activity for personal enjoyment and
satisfaction
b) Pursuing a hobby out of passion and interest
c) Working to earn a salary and financial rewards
d) Participating in a sport for the love of the game
Answer: c) Working to
earn a salary and financial rewards
According to Lev
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the role of guided participation in
learning and development?
a) Guided participation has no impact on learning and
development.
b) Guided participation is a passive process that influences
learning and development.
c) Guided participation involves engaging in collaborative
activities with more skilled individuals to learn and acquire new knowledge and
skills.
d) Guided participation is solely determined by genetic
factors.
Answer: c) Guided
participation involves engaging in collaborative activities with more skilled
individuals to learn and acquire new knowledge and skills.
What is the term used
to describe the process of understanding and sharing the feelings and
perspectives of others?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Social intelligence
c) Empathy
d) Self-awareness
Answer: c) Empathy
According to the
concept of information processing, which of the following is responsible for
the initial registration and processing of sensory information?
a) Long-term memory
b) Working memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Short-term memory
Answer: c) Sensory
memory
What is the term used
to describe the process of resisting explicit requests or demands from others?
a) Conformity
b) Compliance
c) Obedience
d) Assertiveness
Answer: d)
Assertiveness
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during early adulthood (20s
to 40s)?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Intimacy vs. isolation
d) Generativity vs. stagnation
Answer: c) Intimacy
vs. isolation
What is the term used
to describe the process of having a sense of personal control and agency in
one’s actions and decisions?
a) Metacognition
b) Self-regulation
c) Self-efficacy
d) Self-determination
Answer: d)
Self-determination
According to the
concept of self-determination theory, which type of motivation is characterized
by engaging in an activity to obtain external rewards or avoid punishment?
a) Intrinsic motivation
b) Extrinsic motivation
c) Amotivation
d) Self-determined motivation
Answer: b) Extrinsic
motivation
What is the term used
to describe the process of mentally organizing and categorizing information
based on shared characteristics?
a) Elaboration
b) Retrieval
c) Association
d) Classification
Answer: d)
Classification
According to the
concept of social-cognitive theory, what is the role of self-reflection in
learning and behavior change?
a) Self-reflection has no impact on learning and behavior
change.
b) Self-reflection is a passive process that influences
behavior.
c) Self-reflection plays a central role in examining one’s
thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to gain insight and make improvements.
d) Self-reflection is solely determined by genetic factors.
Answer: c)
Self-reflection plays a central role in examining one’s thoughts, emotions, and
behaviors to gain insight and make improvements.
Which of the
following is an example of an intrinsic reward?
a) Receiving a trophy for winning a competition
b) Earning a high grade on a test
c) Feeling a sense of pride and accomplishment
d) Receiving a monetary bonus for good performance
Answer: c) Feeling a
sense of pride and accomplishment
According to Lev
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the role of language in learning and
development?
a) Language has no impact on learning and development.
b) Language is a passive tool that influences learning and
development.
c) Language plays a central role in cognitive development
and the acquisition of knowledge and social interaction.
d) Language is solely determined by genetic factors.
Answer: c) Language
plays a central role in cognitive development and the acquisition of knowledge
and social interaction.
What is the term used
to describe the process of recognizing and regulating one’s own emotions and
behaviors?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Social intelligence
c) Self-control
d) Self-awareness
Answer: c)
Self-control
According to the
concept of information processing, which of the following is responsible for
the maintenance and manipulation of information in memory?
a) Long-term memory
b) Working memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Short-term memory
Answer: b) Working
memory
What is the term used
to describe the process of conforming to the social norms and expectations of a
group?
a) Conformity
b) Compliance
c) Obedience
d) Adaptation
Answer: a) Conformity
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during adolescence (12 to 18
years)?
a) Identity vs. role confusion
b) Intimacy vs. isolation
c) Generativity vs. stagnation
d) Integrity vs. despair
Answer: a) Identity
vs. role confusion
What is the term used
to describe the process of setting goals, planning strategies, and monitoring
progress to achieve desired outcomes?
a) Metacognition
b) Self-regulation
c) Self-efficacy
d) Self-determination
Answer: b) Self-regulation
According to the
concept of self-determination theory, which psychological need is associated
with a sense of personal effectiveness and mastery?
a) Autonomy
b) Competence
c) Relatedness
d) Mastery
Answer: b) Competence
What is the term used
to describe the process of actively reviewing and rehearsing information to
enhance memory retention?
a) Elaboration
b) Retrieval
c) Association
d) Rehearsal
Answer: d) Rehearsal
According to the
concept of social-cognitive theory, what is the role of self-evaluation in
learning and behavior change?
a) Self-evaluation has no impact on learning and behavior
change.
b) Self-evaluation is a passive process that influences
behavior.
c) Self-evaluation plays a central role in assessing one’s
own performance and making adjustments for improvement.
d) Self-evaluation is solely determined by genetic factors.
Answer: c)
Self-evaluation plays a central role in assessing one’s own performance and
making adjustments for improvement.
Which of the
following is an example of an extrinsic motivation?
a) Engaging in an activity for personal growth and
self-improvement
b) Participating in a sport for the love of the game
c) Studying to achieve high grades and academic recognition
d) Pursuing a hobby out of passion and interest
Answer: c) Studying
to achieve high grades and academic recognition
According to Lev
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the role of scaffolding in learning
and development?
a) Scaffolding has no impact on learning and development.
b) Scaffolding is a passive process that influences learning
and development.
c) Scaffolding involves providing support and guidance to
learners to help them accomplish tasks beyond their current abilities.
d) Scaffolding is solely determined by genetic factors.
Answer: c)
Scaffolding involves providing support and guidance to learners to help them
accomplish tasks beyond their current abilities.
What is the term used
to describe the process of understanding and managing interpersonal
relationships and social situations?
a) Emotional intelligence
b) Social intelligence
c) Empathy
d) Self-awareness
Answer: b) Social
intelligence
According to the
concept of information processing, which of the following is responsible for
the initial filtering and encoding of sensory information?
a) Long-term memory
b) Working memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Short-term memory
Answer: c) Sensory
memory
What is the term used
to describe the process of obeying instructions or commands from a higher
authority?
a) Conformity
b) Compliance
c) Obedience
d) Independence
Answer: c) Obedience
According to Erik
Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during middle adulthood (40s
to 60s)?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Generativity vs. stagnation
d) Integrity vs. despair
Answer: c)
Generativity vs. stagnation
What is the term used
to describe the process of believing in one’s own ability to effectively
execute specific actions or behaviors?
a) Metacognition
b) Self-regulation
c) Self-efficacy
d) Self-determination
Answer: c)
Self-efficacy
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